English to Portuguese Medical Medical (general) Problemas do aparelho digestório

O texto fala desse problema em geral, das suas causas e dos tratamentos.
Abaixo um fragmento que ajuda a entender melhor o que é.

"The final step in a laparotomy is abdominal facial closure. Usually, the fascia and the skin are closed primarily. However, as medicine has advanced, surgeons have had to treat sicker patients with a higher burden of advanced comorbid disease.
In the trauma setting, the clinical success of nonoperative management of solid organ injuries has reduced the total number of operative cases. However, trauma patients requiring operation are often at their physiologic limits. Techniques in damage control have become essential adjuncts in trauma, general, and vascular surgery. [...] Fabian and coworkers{1}5{1} have described the five phases of damage control surgery, from the initial operation to restoration of abdominal wall integrity:

Phase 1: Emergent laparotomy with control of bleeding and contamination, abdominal packing of medical bleeding, and abbreviated abdominal wound closure.
Phase 2: Resuscitation: Correction of end points of resuscitation—hypothermia, coagulopathy, and acidosis.
Phase 3: Reexploration, staged abdominal repair, and delayed primary fascial closure.
Phase 4: Planned ventral hernia.
Phase 5: Abdominal wall reconstruction.

During phase 3, the abdominal fascia is closed more than 65% of the time.
All intra-abdominal injuries are repaired, peritonitis controlled, and other disease states corrected.
However, there may still be unresolved visceral edema and/or loss of domain with retraction of the abdominal wall.
This is the most common scenario giving rise to the difficult abdominal wall."

Atenção: Preciso do termo usado pelos profissionais da área, não apenas uma sugestão de tradução.
Obrigada desde já!