What is being discussed here is known as cutting a profile, or cutting a cross-section. It is part of the design process for a roadway. The information generated in this process is useful for, & can be a step towards, estimation of cut (and fill) volumes; but what is described here is not in itself the process for estimating cut volume.
In US English civil engineering speak, we typically talk about a longitudinal profile, which more or less follows the centerline of the road. Perpendicular to the longitudinal profile we lay out perpendicular cross-sections. (Geometrically, there is no distinction between a profile and a cross-section - they both consist of a series of points in 2-dimensional space, each point having an elevation and a distance from a start point.) For a roadway, typically there are two sorts of profiles: the existing ground line, and the profile proposed for the work to be constructed; primitive roads often follow the existing ground line pretty closely, to minimize cut and fill volumes, but highways and freeways often involve changes to the profile, among other reasons to avoid sharp curves or steep slopes in the finished roadway. The perpendicular cross-sections also come as both existing ground line and proposed finished grade lines.
The design process usually involves drawing cross-sections of the existing ground at intervals along the longitudinal profile (distance between cross-sections may be by regulation, or by custom, but is also dependent on how quickly the cross-section changes along the profile - the more quickly it changes, the closer together the perpendicular cross-sections need to be). Then, at each cross-section, the proposed constructed section is drawn as an overlay onto the existing ground line section. With this, we can now see where the proposed section differs from the existing ground line, requiring either fill or cut.
The phrase Melany provided: "Realizar los perfiles cajeados a partir de los elementos de la sección tipo mediante un programa informático de trazado de carreteras" would translate as "Complete the (cut) cross-sections based on the geometry of the standard cross-section, using the roadway design software."
The other phrase that Melany provided: "Cajeo de los perfiles transversales", depending on how it fits into a sentence, would be something like "Cutting cross-sections".