English to Chinese Tech/Engineering IT (Information Technology) LPWAN

In response, there has been a race to build out LPWANs. These are happening in three distinct categories: Privatized buildouts using proprietary standards, led by private companies including Actility, Ingenu, and Sigfox (although Actility is unique in that it’s using LoRa, a quasi-public standard); grassroots development at the research level, as highlighted by a project in Ireland known as Pervasive Nation; and new cellular {carve outs} deployed by service providers using 3G-4G networks, which includes NB-IoT.