Glossary entry (derived from question below)
Spanish term or phrase:
asentamiento castreño
English translation:
castro settlement / (pre-Roman) hillfort settlement
Added to glossary by
Charles Davis
Oct 22, 2018 16:23
5 yrs ago
2 viewers *
Spanish term
asentamiento castreño
Spanish to English
Art/Literary
Archaeology
castros
OUTEIRO DOS MOUROS
Peculiar ***asentamiento castreño***, situado en el monte Castelo desde el que se divisa en toda su amplitud el valle del Tállara. Fue construido entre peñascos graníticos de grandes dimensiones que albergan en su interior un recinto ovalado con tendencia a rectangular. Al estar situado en una zona escarpada e improductiva, se deduce que en la ubicación ha pesado más la función defensiva que la explotación agraria del entorno.
¿Cómo se podría explicar este término?
¡Gracias!
Peculiar ***asentamiento castreño***, situado en el monte Castelo desde el que se divisa en toda su amplitud el valle del Tállara. Fue construido entre peñascos graníticos de grandes dimensiones que albergan en su interior un recinto ovalado con tendencia a rectangular. Al estar situado en una zona escarpada e improductiva, se deduce que en la ubicación ha pesado más la función defensiva que la explotación agraria del entorno.
¿Cómo se podría explicar este término?
¡Gracias!
Proposed translations
(English)
| 4 +3 | castro settlement |
Charles Davis
|
| 3 +2 | hillfort settlement |
Marie Wilson
|
References
| Refs. |
Taña Dalglish
|
| Castro settlement |
Chema Nieto Castañón
|
Change log
Nov 5, 2018 06:13: Charles Davis Created KOG entry
Proposed translations
+3
17 mins
Selected
castro settlement
Some spell "castro" with a small c, some capitalise it, and some italicise it.
"Castro" culture is really a name applied to pre-Roman Galician culture:
"Castro culture (Galician: cultura castrexa, Portuguese: cultura castreja, Asturian: cultura castriega, Spanish: cultura castreña) is the archaeological term for the material culture of the north-western regions of the Iberian Peninsula (present-day northern Portugal together with Galicia, Asturias, Castile and León, Cantabria and Basque Country) from the end of the Bronze Age (c. 9th century BC) until it was subsumed by Roman culture (c. 1st century BC). It is the culture associated with the Celtiberians, closely associated to the western Hallstatt horizon of Central Europe. "
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castro_culture
The following is from a University of London Institute of Archaeology PhD thesis, so the author should know what he's talking about:
"The open settlement, which had typified the Late Bronze Age, was in time replaced by small fortified castro settlements where it has been estimated that the majority of the sites numbered no more than 200 inhabitants by the Late Iron Age (third century BC – first century BC) ( Parcero Oub iña 2003, 281). The term castro derives from a Portuguese / Spanish reading of the Latin word castrum, or fortress, used by Roman authorities to describe these structures, and in the later Medieval period to identify fortified hillforts when registering la nd tenancies (Queiroga 2003, 3). Archaeological research has proposed that castro settlements were p ositioned in easily defen dable locations, with good access to suitable farmland, and were structurally similar in terms of style, size and assumed function (these notions are debated vigorously throughout this thesis) , and are often referred to collectively as the ‘Castro Culture’ (Silva 1995, 263)."
"On a rock that is not highon the ground (as is common in Galician petroglyphs) located on the upper parapet of the Castro settlement we find petroglyphs engraved on its surface that have a special relevance as weapons representations , linked to British rock art datable around III -II millennium BC."
http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=40396
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 20 mins (2018-10-22 16:44:40 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Forgot to add the reference to the PhD thesis (the passage quoted is on p. 16; the author uses the term throughout the thesis):
http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1386116/16/Thesis volume 1 copyri...
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 25 mins (2018-10-22 16:49:26 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Maybe that's why the surname Castro is particularly identified with Galicia.
https://www.elcorreogallego.es/galicia/ecg/apellidos-frecuen...
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 4 hrs (2018-10-22 21:09:06 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
You could add "pre-Roman hillfort" after "castro" if you think target readers need an explanation.
"Castro" culture is really a name applied to pre-Roman Galician culture:
"Castro culture (Galician: cultura castrexa, Portuguese: cultura castreja, Asturian: cultura castriega, Spanish: cultura castreña) is the archaeological term for the material culture of the north-western regions of the Iberian Peninsula (present-day northern Portugal together with Galicia, Asturias, Castile and León, Cantabria and Basque Country) from the end of the Bronze Age (c. 9th century BC) until it was subsumed by Roman culture (c. 1st century BC). It is the culture associated with the Celtiberians, closely associated to the western Hallstatt horizon of Central Europe. "
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castro_culture
The following is from a University of London Institute of Archaeology PhD thesis, so the author should know what he's talking about:
"The open settlement, which had typified the Late Bronze Age, was in time replaced by small fortified castro settlements where it has been estimated that the majority of the sites numbered no more than 200 inhabitants by the Late Iron Age (third century BC – first century BC) ( Parcero Oub iña 2003, 281). The term castro derives from a Portuguese / Spanish reading of the Latin word castrum, or fortress, used by Roman authorities to describe these structures, and in the later Medieval period to identify fortified hillforts when registering la nd tenancies (Queiroga 2003, 3). Archaeological research has proposed that castro settlements were p ositioned in easily defen dable locations, with good access to suitable farmland, and were structurally similar in terms of style, size and assumed function (these notions are debated vigorously throughout this thesis) , and are often referred to collectively as the ‘Castro Culture’ (Silva 1995, 263)."
"On a rock that is not highon the ground (as is common in Galician petroglyphs) located on the upper parapet of the Castro settlement we find petroglyphs engraved on its surface that have a special relevance as weapons representations , linked to British rock art datable around III -II millennium BC."
http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=40396
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 20 mins (2018-10-22 16:44:40 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Forgot to add the reference to the PhD thesis (the passage quoted is on p. 16; the author uses the term throughout the thesis):
http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1386116/16/Thesis volume 1 copyri...
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 25 mins (2018-10-22 16:49:26 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Maybe that's why the surname Castro is particularly identified with Galicia.
https://www.elcorreogallego.es/galicia/ecg/apellidos-frecuen...
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 4 hrs (2018-10-22 21:09:06 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
You could add "pre-Roman hillfort" after "castro" if you think target readers need an explanation.
Peer comment(s):
| agree |
Jane Martin
: You beat me to it.
0 min
|
|
Thanks, Jane :-) Sorry!
|
|
| agree |
Robert Carter
: If it's for an academic article, as the context suggests, then this would be the clear choice.//I agree for tourism purposes, though I think I'd probably italicise it and give a brief explanation. I'd certainly have been stumped reading "Castro" cold.
3 hrs
|
|
Thanks, Robert :-) Actually, I think it's an option outside the strictly academic sphere too. Some local guides, at least, use it. I suppose there's an argument for playing up the distinctive features of what you're selling to tourists.
|
|
| agree |
Chema Nieto Castañón
: I would not doubt this one. Although I think it is correct to translate "castro" as "hillfort" in some contexts, I would not do so here; Castro settlement it is ;)
1 day 2 hrs
|
|
Many thanks, Chema :-)
|
4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer.
Comment: "Selected automatically based on peer agreement."
+2
12 mins
hillfort settlement
A "castro" is a hillfort/hill fort, so this would be a hillfort settlement.
Una aproximación a la morfología de ciertos asentamientos castreños ...
https://www.researchgate.net/.../327284795_Una_aproximacion_... -
Aug 30, 2018 - Una aproximación a la morfología de ciertos asentamientos castreños de la provincia de León. The morphology of hillforts of León province:
e-Keltoi: Volume 6, Celtic Elements in Northwestern Spain in Pre ...
https://www4.uwm.edu/celtic/ekeltoi/volumes/vol6/6.../garcia...
Aug 10, 2005 - Celtic Elements in Northwestern Spain in Pre-Roman times. ... Parcero based on examining different models of hillfort settlements in Galicia as ...
Una aproximación a la morfología de ciertos asentamientos castreños ...
https://www.researchgate.net/.../327284795_Una_aproximacion_... -
Aug 30, 2018 - Una aproximación a la morfología de ciertos asentamientos castreños de la provincia de León. The morphology of hillforts of León province:
e-Keltoi: Volume 6, Celtic Elements in Northwestern Spain in Pre ...
https://www4.uwm.edu/celtic/ekeltoi/volumes/vol6/6.../garcia...
Aug 10, 2005 - Celtic Elements in Northwestern Spain in Pre-Roman times. ... Parcero based on examining different models of hillfort settlements in Galicia as ...
Peer comment(s):
| agree |
neilmac
: If only to avoid confusion with Fidel... :)
2 hrs
|
|
Thanks, Neil. it took me years to realise that there was no connection between the word and revolutionaries.
|
|
| agree |
Robert Carter
: Depends what you need it for, but this is obviously a good vernacular translation.
3 hrs
|
|
Thanks, Robert!
|
Reference comments
13 mins
Taña Dalglish
Jamaica
Jamaica
Native in English
Works in field
Jamaica
Translating the Ideas Behind the Words
Native in: English (Variant: British)
Works in: Spanish to English, English to Spanish, French to English, and 2 more.
Related KudoZ points
:
20
Reference:
Refs.
A previous glossary term
https://www.proz.com/kudoz/spanish-to-english/folklore/16903...
Spanish term or phrase: castreño
Acercamiento a la vida y obra del compositor castreño, que representa un capítulo destacado de la historia musical de Cantabria.
from Castro Urdiales
Explanation:
A beautiful town in Northern Spain...
https://forum.wordreference.com/threads/yacimiento-castreño....
From what I can find, castreño refers to their location, Castrojeriz, Castro Urdiales or Castro del Río, in Spain.
Let's call on the Spaniards to confirm or correct this
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castro_Urdiales
Gentilicio castreño/a.
mapa turistico castro urdiales - Turismo de Cantabria
https://turismodecantabria.com/ficherosGaleria/esp/.../mapa-...
encuentra Castro Urdiales rodeado de espectaculares pai- sajes costeros ... settlement of Flavióbriga, which was part of powerful Hermandad de las Cuatro Villas .... del casco viejo de la villa y está escenificada por los habitantes castreños.
I would leave the Spanish word "castreño" settlement and offer an explanation or translator's note (TN).
HTH.
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 19 mins (2018-10-22 16:43:48 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Marie, is absolutely right, but I would be hesitant to simply say "hillfort settlement", and would probably approach the term via a TN note, but that is entirely your choice.
Aproximación al poblamiento castreño en el Valle de Laciana ...
https://gredos.usal.es/jspui/bitstream/10366/130387/1/Aproxi...
por R Rubio Díez - Mencionado por 2 - Artículos relacionados
An approach to the hillfort settlement in the Valley of Laciana .... R. Rubio Díez y F. J. Marcos Herrán / Aproximación al poblamiento castreño en el valle de ...
RESUMEN: El desarrollo de una campaña de excavaciones en tres de los asentamientos castreños catalogados en la comarca de Laciana (noroeste de la provincia de León): La Muela, La Zamora y La Laguna, ha puesto de manifiesto la presencia de abundantes estructuras pétreas en los tres yacimientos, documentándose un total de cinco lienzos amurallados distintos así como diversas evidencias del hábitat interior de los poblados. Los materiales recuperados parecen señalar en los dos primeros casos unas amplias horquillas temporales que abarcan desde época protohistórica hasta el siglo II d.C., mientras que en La Laguna la ausencia de hallazgos muebles depara que su contextualización se realice a partir de las características
morfológicas del emplazamiento.
ABSTRACT: The development of an archaeological excavation season in three of the **hillfort settlements** catalogued in the shire of Laciana (northwestern León region): La Muela, La Zamora and La Laguna, has
revealed the presence of numerous stone structures in these three sites, also having documented a total of five different wall sections, as well as several evidences of the interior habitat of the villages. In the first
two settlements, the recovered materials seem to point out a wide time frame ranging from the protohistoric period to the second century a.C. Meanwhile, due to the lack of movable findings, the contextualization
of La Laguna has to be carried out following the morphological characteristics of its emplacement.
https://www.proz.com/kudoz/spanish-to-english/folklore/16903...
Spanish term or phrase: castreño
Acercamiento a la vida y obra del compositor castreño, que representa un capítulo destacado de la historia musical de Cantabria.
from Castro Urdiales
Explanation:
A beautiful town in Northern Spain...
https://forum.wordreference.com/threads/yacimiento-castreño....
From what I can find, castreño refers to their location, Castrojeriz, Castro Urdiales or Castro del Río, in Spain.
Let's call on the Spaniards to confirm or correct this
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castro_Urdiales
Gentilicio castreño/a.
mapa turistico castro urdiales - Turismo de Cantabria
https://turismodecantabria.com/ficherosGaleria/esp/.../mapa-...
encuentra Castro Urdiales rodeado de espectaculares pai- sajes costeros ... settlement of Flavióbriga, which was part of powerful Hermandad de las Cuatro Villas .... del casco viejo de la villa y está escenificada por los habitantes castreños.
I would leave the Spanish word "castreño" settlement and offer an explanation or translator's note (TN).
HTH.
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 19 mins (2018-10-22 16:43:48 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Marie, is absolutely right, but I would be hesitant to simply say "hillfort settlement", and would probably approach the term via a TN note, but that is entirely your choice.
Aproximación al poblamiento castreño en el Valle de Laciana ...
https://gredos.usal.es/jspui/bitstream/10366/130387/1/Aproxi...
por R Rubio Díez - Mencionado por 2 - Artículos relacionados
An approach to the hillfort settlement in the Valley of Laciana .... R. Rubio Díez y F. J. Marcos Herrán / Aproximación al poblamiento castreño en el valle de ...
RESUMEN: El desarrollo de una campaña de excavaciones en tres de los asentamientos castreños catalogados en la comarca de Laciana (noroeste de la provincia de León): La Muela, La Zamora y La Laguna, ha puesto de manifiesto la presencia de abundantes estructuras pétreas en los tres yacimientos, documentándose un total de cinco lienzos amurallados distintos así como diversas evidencias del hábitat interior de los poblados. Los materiales recuperados parecen señalar en los dos primeros casos unas amplias horquillas temporales que abarcan desde época protohistórica hasta el siglo II d.C., mientras que en La Laguna la ausencia de hallazgos muebles depara que su contextualización se realice a partir de las características
morfológicas del emplazamiento.
ABSTRACT: The development of an archaeological excavation season in three of the **hillfort settlements** catalogued in the shire of Laciana (northwestern León region): La Muela, La Zamora and La Laguna, has
revealed the presence of numerous stone structures in these three sites, also having documented a total of five different wall sections, as well as several evidences of the interior habitat of the villages. In the first
two settlements, the recovered materials seem to point out a wide time frame ranging from the protohistoric period to the second century a.C. Meanwhile, due to the lack of movable findings, the contextualization
of La Laguna has to be carried out following the morphological characteristics of its emplacement.
Peer comments on this reference comment:
| agree |
neilmac
: Cf. "castrense"...
2 hrs
|
|
Thanks Neil. "Castrense", I assume with an explanation of some kind? I think there is merit in both Marie's & Charles' proposals.
|
1 day 2 hrs
Chema Nieto Castañón
Spain
Spain
Native in Spanish
Spain
Psychologist & Emergency Physician
Native in: Spanish (Variant: Standard-Spain) 
Works in: English to Spanish
Reference:
Castro settlement
Concuerdo con Charles; while hillfort settlement may refer to an English settlement
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillforts_in_Britain]
as well as to an Asturian one, castro settlement refers specifically to castro culture
[unless Castro is a reference to Fidel Castro; or to Henri Castro; or... ;)]
De esta forma describía hacia el cambio de Era el historiador griego Estrabón los pueblos que habitaban las regiones norteñas en tiempos del emperador Augusto. Eran los habitantes de los castros, las gentes que durante siglos habían poblado estas tierras y que siguieron haciéndolo tras la llegada de los romanos.Hasta entonces, habían construido aldeas que se proveían de todo cuanto les era necesario mediante la explotación de su entorno más próximo o el intercambio con otras comunidades. La competencia y rivalidad entre grupos les obligó a levantar poderosas fortificaciones para proteger a sus familias y sus pertenencias.
El mundo castreño no es exclusivo de nuestra región sino que se extiende por el conjunto del noroeste de la península ibérica, donde se advierten rasgos comunes que permiten reconocer una cierta homogeneidad entre los pueblos, tanto en las manifestaciones técnicas e ideológicas como en su paulatina transformación a lo largo de los siglos hasta su asimilación por el mundo romano.
De forma muy general su implantación comprende los actuales territorios de Galicia, Asturias, León, Zamora, norte de Portugal y la región de Tras-os-Montes.
http://www.castrosdeasturias.es/castros/11/la-cultura-castre...
The open settlement, which had typified the Late Bronze Age, was in time replaced by small fortified castro settlements where it has been estimated that the majority of the sites numbered no more than 200 inhabitants by the Late Iron Age
http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1386116/16/Thesis volume 1 copyri...
Castro settlement is defined as " ... a fortified village, located in a prominent geographical position, such as a hill spur, hillock or less frequently, a valley edge." (ibid. J). This form of settlement, together with its association with Iron Age social groups led to the culture of the period being referred to as 'Castros Culture'. However, excavation at castros such as Penices and Citania de San fins illustrate the continuation of castro occupation from the Iron Age into the Roman period
file:///C:/Users/hospital/Downloads/128-251-1-SM.pdf
***
on the overland route to the Castro settlement
[reference to Jewish Texan Henri Castro]
https://books.google.es/books?id=FUVjCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT340&lpg=P...
United States is most unlikely to envisage annexation of the island, so any post-Castro settlement will have to be
[Reference to Fidel Castro]
https://books.google.es/books?id=hncYDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA202&lpg=P...
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 1 day 4 hrs (2018-10-23 21:20:10 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
* Sorry for the broken link:
https://www.google.es/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://...
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillforts_in_Britain]
as well as to an Asturian one, castro settlement refers specifically to castro culture
[unless Castro is a reference to Fidel Castro; or to Henri Castro; or... ;)]
De esta forma describía hacia el cambio de Era el historiador griego Estrabón los pueblos que habitaban las regiones norteñas en tiempos del emperador Augusto. Eran los habitantes de los castros, las gentes que durante siglos habían poblado estas tierras y que siguieron haciéndolo tras la llegada de los romanos.Hasta entonces, habían construido aldeas que se proveían de todo cuanto les era necesario mediante la explotación de su entorno más próximo o el intercambio con otras comunidades. La competencia y rivalidad entre grupos les obligó a levantar poderosas fortificaciones para proteger a sus familias y sus pertenencias.
El mundo castreño no es exclusivo de nuestra región sino que se extiende por el conjunto del noroeste de la península ibérica, donde se advierten rasgos comunes que permiten reconocer una cierta homogeneidad entre los pueblos, tanto en las manifestaciones técnicas e ideológicas como en su paulatina transformación a lo largo de los siglos hasta su asimilación por el mundo romano.
De forma muy general su implantación comprende los actuales territorios de Galicia, Asturias, León, Zamora, norte de Portugal y la región de Tras-os-Montes.
http://www.castrosdeasturias.es/castros/11/la-cultura-castre...
The open settlement, which had typified the Late Bronze Age, was in time replaced by small fortified castro settlements where it has been estimated that the majority of the sites numbered no more than 200 inhabitants by the Late Iron Age
http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1386116/16/Thesis volume 1 copyri...
Castro settlement is defined as " ... a fortified village, located in a prominent geographical position, such as a hill spur, hillock or less frequently, a valley edge." (ibid. J). This form of settlement, together with its association with Iron Age social groups led to the culture of the period being referred to as 'Castros Culture'. However, excavation at castros such as Penices and Citania de San fins illustrate the continuation of castro occupation from the Iron Age into the Roman period
file:///C:/Users/hospital/Downloads/128-251-1-SM.pdf
***
on the overland route to the Castro settlement
[reference to Jewish Texan Henri Castro]
https://books.google.es/books?id=FUVjCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT340&lpg=P...
United States is most unlikely to envisage annexation of the island, so any post-Castro settlement will have to be
[Reference to Fidel Castro]
https://books.google.es/books?id=hncYDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA202&lpg=P...
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 1 day 4 hrs (2018-10-23 21:20:10 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
* Sorry for the broken link:
https://www.google.es/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://...
Discussion
"Un yacimiento castreño muy romanizado"
https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/vigo/vigo/2010/11/06/y...