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Jul 26, 2019 20:48
4 yrs ago
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French term

droit de suite

French to English Law/Patents Finance (general) Law
Dans un pacte d'associés.

Dans " 14.4. Droit de suite des Investisseurs

Dans l’hypothèse où, dans les douze (12) mois suivant le Transfert par un ou plusieurs Investisseurs de tout ou partie de leurs Valeurs Mobilières au profit d’un ou plusieurs Fondateurs (ou toute personne qu’ils se seraient substitué), le ou les Fondateur(s) (ou toute personne qu’ils se seraient substitué), procédai(en)t à un Transfert de tout ou partie des Valeurs Mobilières ainsi acquises à un prix en numéraire par Valeur Mobilière (le « Prix de Revente ») supérieur à celui perçu par le ou les Investisseurs au titre du Transfert initial de leur Valeurs Mobilières, cette cession étant ci-après dénommée la « Revente », le ou les Investisseurs concernés auront droit à un complément de prix par Valeur Mobilière revendue égal à (i) 80 % de la différence entre le Prix de Revente et le prix perçu par le ou les Investisseurs concernés si la revente intervient dans les six (6) mois suivant le Transfert et à (ii) 50% de ladite différence après cette date.

En conséquence, en vue de la bonne exécution du présent Article, les Fondateurs ou toute personne qu’ils se substitueraient, s'engagent à informer les Investisseurs de la réalisation de toute Revente à laquelle ils seraient parties.

Le complément de prix sera payable dans les quinze (15) jours de la réalisation de la Revente.

En cas de désaccord relatif au montant du complément de prix dû au titre du présent Article, il serait fait recours à un expert conformément aux articles 9.2.2(b)(ii) ci-avant.

A toutes fins utiles, il est précisé qu’en cas de pluralité de Reventes (c’est-à-dire de revente en plusieurs fois des actions initialement acquises), un complément de prix devra être versé à ou aux Investisseurs concernés, dans les conditions susvisées, au titre de chaque Revente.

Il est précisé que pour les besoins du présent Article 14.4, le Prix de Revente désigne le prix perçu pour la totalité des Valeurs Mobilières de la Société transférées dans le cadre de la Revente (en ce compris tout prix payable à terme (crédit vendeur ou mécanisme similaire) augmenté de tout prix affecté en garantie d’une éventuelle garantie d’actif et de passif ainsi que de tout prix conditionnel (earn out), sous réserve que ce prix conditionnel soit effectivement payé), divisé par le nombre de Valeurs Mobilières ainsi transférées.

En cas de versement d’une partie du prix à terme dans le cadre de la Revente, la somme due aux Investisseurs au titre du présent article sera versée au jour de perception de la part du prix à terme.

En cas de versement d’un prix conditionnel dans le cadre de la Revente, postérieurement à la date de réalisation de la Revente, le ou les Fondateurs concernés ou toute personne qu’ils se substitueraient, s’engagent à verser la part du complément de prix dû, le cas échéant, au titre de ce prix conditionnel à ou aux Investisseurs concernés dans les quinze (15) jours suivant le paiement de ce prix conditionnel.

Il est précisé que ce droit de suite ne s’applique que pour les Reventes dont la contrepartie (le prix) est exclusivement en numéraire."


Merci d'avance.
Change log

Jul 26, 2019 23:00: writeaway changed "Field" from "Law/Patents" to "Bus/Financial" , "Field (write-in)" from "(none)" to "Law"

Jul 27, 2019 23:39: Yolanda Broad changed "Field" from "Bus/Financial" to "Law/Patents"

Discussion

Francois Boye Jul 29, 2019:
Daryo did not discuss my last posting or the reference it is from.

Daryo speaks as if he knew the subject, but he has not yet presented a translation we can all disccuss.
Daryo Jul 29, 2019:
@ Francois Boye WHEN - if ever? - are you going to notice that the type of "droit de suite" you are talking about is about chasing property that was wrongly taken from the initial owner???

Your own reference says "assets ... taken by Fraud, misappropriation, or mistake"

I can't see any suggestions of "fraud, misappropriation, or mistake" in this ST. You seem to be the only one seeing "Fraud, misappropriation, or mistake" in this ST. WHERE it is mentioned?
Francois Boye Jul 27, 2019:
@ Asker and Daryo

“TRACING is thus neither a claim nor a remedy. It is merely the process by which a claimant demonstrates what has happened to his property, identifies its proceeds and the persons who have handled or received them, and justifies his claim that the proceeds can properly be regarded as representing his property. Tracing is also distinct from claiming. It identifies the traceable proceeds of the claimant’s property. It enables the claimant to substitute the traceable proceeds for the original asset as the subject matter of his claim. But it does not affect or establish his claim.”

Source: http://www.bitsoflaw.org/trusts/management/revision-note/deg...

The claimant is called B by Daryo

the claimant's property = the transfer price of B's shares

What's happened to the claimant's property: The higher transfer price between A and C (names from Daryo)

The claimant's demonstration = a share of the difference between what he was paid and the resale price is part of its property.

Daryo Jul 27, 2019:
Nor it is "le droit de suite" in the sens of the police barging in someone's house because they have "the right to follow" criminals they are chasing and they saw them jumping through the back window in the house,

nor any other other kind of "droit de suite", like http://www.oncfs.gouv.fr/Fiches-juridiques-chasse-ru377/Le-d...

Just because you found one definition of a term, doesn't mean necessarily that it's the only one. Especially when it makes no sense for the specific text ...
Daryo Jul 27, 2019:
this ST is NOT about "tag-along" rights NOR about chasing misappropriated property.

"Tag-along" rights scenario recipe:

A - a majority shareholder

B - one or more minority shareholders

C - an external buyer interested in buying shares from A the majority shareholder

In this scenario "le droit de suite" is for B (one or more minority shareholders) to have the right to "follow" A (i.e to "tag-along" / join in) in the transaction between A and C and to sell their shares from the same company for the same price to the same buyer as A - it's about the right to join in in someone else's transaction

The scenario in this ST:

A - an "Investisseur" selling "Valeurs Mobilières" (pretty large category, not only shares) to

B - a "Fondateur" who became the new owner of these "Valeurs Mobilières" and then resells them for a higher price to

C - some third part buyer.

In this case le droit de suite" is for the initial owner [A] to have the "right to follow" his own ex-property as it changes hands a second time - and claim a share of the difference between what he was paid and the resale price

As for chasing ""assets ... taken by Fraud, misappropriation, or mistake", I can't any hint of illegality anywhere in this ST!
Francois Boye Jul 27, 2019:
@ Asker

Cette citation ci-dessous en anglais permet un rapprochement entre le concept de droit de suite et celui d'equité ou de droit complémetaire.


Tracing (law) Tracing ordinarily facilitates an equitable remedy, and is subject to the usual limitations and bars on equitable remedies in common law countries. In many common law countries, there are two concurrent processes, tracing at common law and tracing in equity. However, because the right to trace at common law is so circumscribed,...
Julie Barber Jul 27, 2019:
Here is the definition in a nutshell:
L’investisseur pourra également se réserver un droit de suite qui lui permet de percevoir un complément de prix en cas de revente de ses actions par les fondateurs dans un certain délai après la vente.
http://www.le-droit-des-affaires.com/levee-de-fonds-et-sorti...
trossin (asker) Jul 26, 2019:
@ francois Boye
Je comprends ce que vous voulez dire mais j'ai un article complet et indépendant sur le tag-along right alors que le droit de suite figure dans un article sur les droits complémentaires comme le droit de priorité, le traitement pari passu ect.,)
Francois Boye Jul 26, 2019:
@ Asker

la question qui se pose est de savoir quel droit permet d'obtenir le complement de prix que vous mentionnez en cas de revente des titres à un prix supérieur à celui de la vente initiale.
Julie Barber Jul 26, 2019:
Another previous discussion. Always worth google your "phrase + proz" https://www.proz.com/kudoz/french-to-english/law-contracts/4...

Proposed translations

1 hr

tag-along right / resale right

A tag-along right or droit de suite indicates a contractual obligation stipulating that, if majority shareholders sell their stake in a business, minority shareholders have the right to sell their shares on the same terms and conditions as the majority shareholders. By investing in the early stages, angel investors and venture capitalists consider this resale right as a basic protection, without which they would not invest.

source: http://www.eban.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Glossary-Engl...

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Note added at 1 hr (2019-07-26 22:29:06 GMT)
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The quoted text is from:

www.eban.org, i.e. The European Trade Association for Business Angels, Seed Funds and Early Stage Market Players

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Note added at 1 hr (2019-07-26 22:34:03 GMT)
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Quote:

"Tag along clauses are designed to protect the minority shareholders from being left behind when a majority shareholder decides to sell their shares. If a minority shareholder held 10% of the shares in a company, it would be difficult to sell as most buyers will want 100% of a company."

from: https://www.rocketlawyer.co.uk/article/drag-along-and-tag-al...

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Note added at 7 hrs (2019-07-27 04:40:54 GMT)
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I fully agree with your statement:
1. Atag-along right is the right of minority shareholders to sell their shares and to make a joint exit. There is strong evidence that this is the translation you are looking for.
whereas:
2. A drag-along right is the obligation for minority shareholders to sell their shares. There is strong evidence that this is not the translation that you are looking for.
whereas:
3. A resale right applies both to the finance/investment domain but is primarily used in the artistic domain and is not a preferred translation because of its ambiguity. There is strong evidence that this translation is not specific enough and therefore should not be used due to its ambiguity.




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Note added at 7 hrs (2019-07-27 04:43:35 GMT)
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The evidence provided shows that a tag-along right is a type of resale right, i.e. a resale right can be a tag-along right.
Note from asker:
Il y a confusion des termes. Tag-along right est la faculté pour les minoritaires de céder leurs titres et de procéder à une sortie conjointe (drag-along est l'obligation pour les minoritaires de céder leurs titres) et le resale right concerne le domaine artistique.
Peer comment(s):

disagree Daryo : two completely different answers, and you treat them as synonyms???. "tag-along" has NOTHING to do with this text - read the text and the your refs - any resemblance? "tag-along rights" ARE NOT any kind of "resale" - basics.
7 hrs
agree AllegroTrans : tag-along right
12 hrs
Thank you.
Something went wrong...
16 hrs

resale royalty

This is normally a term used in art sales: the droit de suite (EN: resale royalty) is the right of the original artist to be paid a percentage of what the artwork sells for in future sales. Same principle.
Peer comment(s):

neutral Francois Boye : we are not talking about an artist
1 hr
neutral Daryo : agree that the best parallel is with the rights of an artist when their artwork is resold, but in this ST it's not about "royalties" - shares are hardly a work of art ...
3 hrs
Something went wrong...
-2
18 mins

tracing

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracing_(law)

https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Tracing

Le droit de suite est un droit réel en vertu duquel son bénéficiaire pourra poursuivre un bien et ce quel qu'en soit le propriétaire. Grâce à ce droit, le titulaire pourra faire saisir dans n'importe quel patrimoine le bien grevé de la sureté afin de faire respecter ses droits. Le droit de suite est un droit réel, c'est-à-dire qu'il est attaché à un bien et non à la personne qui en dispose. Ce droit est opposable à tous. Le droit de suite constitue également un droit envisagé en matière de droit d'auteur. Il désigne alors le droit pour l'auteur d'une oeuvre d'art graphique ou plastique d'obtenir un pourcentage sur le prix de revente de son oeuvre.

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Note added at 18 hrs (2019-07-27 15:47:12 GMT)
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How tracing addresses the trade-off among asset owners:

http://www.bitsoflaw.org/trusts/management/revision-note/deg...
Note from asker:
J'ai vu toutes les réponses proposées et elles ne me satisfont pas. Le droit de suite dans les pactes d'associés correspond à un cas bien spécifique. Il ne s'agit pas de poursuivre un bien grevé ou d'obtenir un pourcentage sur le prix de revente mais d'obtenir un complément de prix en cas de revente des titres à un prix supérieur à celui de la vente initiale.
Peer comment(s):

disagree Daryo : where do you see any "assets ... taken by Fraud, misappropriation, or mistake" ??? (as per your own reference!) // that's a ref about ONLY one type of "droit de suite" - not applicable to "droit de suite" of an artist NOR in this ST!
9 hrs
This is what the definition in French says: 'Grâce à ce droit, le titulaire pourra faire saisir dans n'importe quel patrimoine le bien grevé de la sureté afin de faire respecter ses droits.'
disagree AllegroTrans : agree with previous comment// it's not what the source text says - read it
13 hrs
This is what the definition in French says: 'Grâce à ce droit, le titulaire pourra faire saisir dans n'importe quel patrimoine le bien grevé de la sureté afin de faire respecter ses droits.'
Something went wrong...
+1
22 hrs

pro rata - resale indemnity - top-up entitlement (of the original shareholders)

We evidently need to tailor the translation to a very specific situation: 'Il ne s'agit pas de poursuivre un bien grevé ou d'obtenir un pourcentage sur le prix de revente mais d'obtenir un complément de prix en cas de revente des titres à un prix supérieur à celui de la vente initiale.'

I'm re-incorporating the piggy-back example as the scenario still doesn't rule out the shareholders' coming on board.

BTW, tracing is not an equitable 'remedy' that can be claimed in a writ - that 'relief claimed' is called 'restoration of the funds, mis-spent embezzled or misapproproated' etc., and as most textbooks on Equity mistakenly head the relevant chapter, but - in actual practice - a mechanism for tracking down assets.
Example sentence:

Piggy-back applies to contractual agreements in law, more specifically shareholder selling rights. ... Generally, a piggyback clause applies only to a majority shareholder or someone with a large portion of the shares.

Peer comment(s):

agree Julie Barber : Resale indemnity (rights) looks good. I think that a descriptive translation could work well especially as the ST gives a long description of its meaning so somebody reading it would have a full explanation/perhaps, clearly some form of continuing rights
52 mins
Thanks, Julie. I can't help but feel that 'droit de suite', in the context, is an odd term to use for parity.//Better not conflate 'droits pour/suivis' as continuing rights www.proz.com/kudoz/french-to-english/law-contracts/4554217-...
disagree Francois Boye : inconsistent with the concept of 'droit de suite'
23 hrs
You are right. I twisted the translation to suit the asker's purposes, but it's arguably closer to the mark than the idea of tracing - that, incidentally, you have explained very well in the discussion entries as a process vs. a claim or a remedy.
neutral Daryo : it is perfectly correct, but sounds more like a [longish] explanation
1 day 14 hrs
Indeed, but query whether e.g. *investors' /past shareholders' parity pay-off* would be explict enough and acceptable to the asker.
agree GILLES MEUNIER
2 days 9 hrs
Merci and thanks.
Something went wrong...
-1
3 days 49 mins
French term (edited): Droit de suite des Investisseurs

Investors' rights in case of resale

possibly

"Investors' resale rights"

Or literally

"Investors' follow-up rights"

- which would be the parallel with the nearest comparable type of "droit de suite", i.e." le droit de suite d'un artiste"

Some Economic Effects of Artist's Follow-Up Rights. ...(published by the Rand corporation)
https://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/P5650.html

Of all the possible variations on the theme of "droit de suite" the ONLY ONE that applies to this ST is the one quoted by Julie Barber:

L’investisseur pourra également se réserver un droit de suite qui lui permet de percevoir un complément de prix en cas de revente de ses actions par les fondateurs dans un certain délai après la vente.
http://www.le-droit-des-affaires.com/levee-de-fonds-et-sorti...

It's a very similar situation to "le droit de suite" of an artist, when someone buys from an artist and then resells the artwork with profit, so "resale rights" might make sense, although personally I prefer "Investors' rights in case of resale"

When it's about art "droit de suite" is often simply left in French:

droit de suite/ (French drwad sɥit) /
noun
a right recognized by the legislation of several member countries of the European Union whereby an artist, or his or her heirs, is entitled to a share of the price of a work of art if it is resold during the artist's lifetime or for 70 years after his or her death
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/droit-d...

These being Investors, not artists, leaving "droit de suite" in French could be confusing.
Peer comment(s):

disagree Francois Boye : These being Investors, not artists, leaving "droit de suite" in French could be confusing.//you ive an example to define a concept. Socrates would not have missed you!
16 mins
??? + ??? // I give up trying to follow your logic ...
Something went wrong...
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