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inglés al español: Hepatitis B virus infection: Current status General field: Ciencias Detailed field: Ciencias (general)
Texto de origen - inglés Hepatitis B virus infection: Current status
Epidemiology
Two billion people worldwide have evidence of hepatitis B virus exposure, and an estimated 400 million are actively infected.
Worldwide, the prevalence of hepatitis B virus varies greatly. In hyperendemic areas, such as China, Southeast Asia, Western Pacific, and sub-Saharan Africa, the carrier rate exceeds 8% and transmission occurs mainly from mother to child at time of parturition, as well as by horizontal transmission among children less than 5 years of age, and to a lesser extent between sexually active adults. In North America and Europe less than 1% are chronically infected, the result of injection drug use, sexual transmission, nosocomial infection, or emigration from endemic areas.
Virology
Hepatitis B virus is a doubled-stranded DNA virus with 4 partially overlapping open reading frames: S (surface or envelope, hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]) gene, C (core, hepatitis B core antigen [HBcAg]) gene, X gene, and the P (polymerase) gene.
Once hepatitis B virus enters the hepatocyte, it is uncoated and enters the nucleus as covalently closed circular DNA, a template from which RNA intermediates are made. These are subsequently encapsulated and transcribed in the cytoplasm, first as negative then positive DNA strands that acquire the envelope (HBsAg) and leave the cell. In addition, hepatitis B ‘e’ antigen (HBeAg), HBcAg peptides, and excess HBsAg in the form of spheres and rods appear on the cell surface or are secreted.
Traducción - español Infección por el virus de la hepatitis B: Situación actual
Epidemiología
Dos mil millones de personas en todo el mundo presentan signos de exposición al virus de la hepatitis B, y se calcula que 400 millones están activamente infectadas.
A nivel mundial, la presencia del virus de la hepatitis B es muy variable. En zonas hiperendémicas, como China, el sudeste asiático, el Pacífico occidental y el África subsahariana, la tasa de contagio supera el 8% y la transmisión se produce principalmente de madre a hijo en el momento del parto. También se produce por transmisión horizontal entre niños menores de 5 años y, en menor medida, entre adultos sexualmente activos. En América del Norte y Europa, menos del 1% están infectados de forma crónica, como resultado del uso de drogas inyectadas , la transmisión sexual, la infección hospitalaria o la emigración desde zonas endémicas.
Virología
El virus de la hepatitis B es un virus de ADN de doble cadena con 4 patrones de lectura abierta parcialmente superpuestos: el gen S (superficie o envoltura, antígeno de superficie de la hepatitis B [HBsAg]), el gen C (núcleo, antígeno del núcleo de la hepatitis B [HBcAg]), el gen X y el gen P (polimerasa).
Una vez que el virus de la hepatitis B entra en el hepatocito, no tiene envoltura y entra en el núcleo como ADN circular cerrado de manera covalente. Este es un molde a partir del cual se fabrican intermediarios de ARN. Posteriormente, éstos se encapsulan y se transcriben en el citoplasma, primero como cadenas de ADN negativas y luego, positivas, que adquieren la envoltura (HBsAg) y salen de la célula. Además, el antígeno "e" de la hepatitis B (HBeAg), los péptidos HBcAg y el exceso de HBsAg en forma de esferas y bastoncillos aparecen en la superficie celular o se segregan.
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Graduate diploma - Liceo Superior de Cultura Inglesa
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Años de experiencia: 3 Registrado en ProZ.com: May 2022
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Bio
My name is Gina Sanchez. I am from Argentina.
I am a Lawyer graduated from the University of Buenos Aires with more 15 years of experience in the field. But I am also a Real Estate broker and public auctioneer since 2018.
As a lover of all reading styles and passionate about English, I dedicated years to the study of translation, which led me to become a Technical-Scientific Translator in English.
I specialise in legal, technical, and scientific translations, as well as literary translations, subtitling and dubbing.
Moreover, I became an AATI (Asociación Argentina de Traductores e Intérpretes), ATA (American Translators Association), and IAPTI (International Association of Professional Translators and Interpreters) member. I am a volunteer translator for TED, Translators Without Borders and Wikipedia.
I am available every day, including weekends.
And so, if you need assistance or someone qualified for these areas, please do not hesitate to contact me. I will be highly receptive to your needs in order to get the result you are looking for.
Kindly find below my email and phone number for a faster communication.
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