monjas vs religiosos
English translation: nuns / (monks) vs (consecrated) religious / members of religious institutes
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| 09:56 Jan 2, 2019 |
| Spanish to English translations [PRO] Law/Patents - Law (general) | |||||||
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|  Selected response from: Charles Davis Spain Local time: 18:14 | ||||||
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Answers
11 mins confidence: 
peer agreement (net): +1
peer agreement (net): +1nuns vs the rest (monks, priests...) Explanation: In general I agree with your own assessment ("the latter refers to nuns (/monks?) who live in cloisters, whilst the former refers to all monks and nuns"). Basically, I see the distinction as in line with the grammatical (feminine-masculine), whereby "monjas" means female religious figures (nuns) and "religiosos" their male equivalents. A "sacerdote" is a priest, and "cura" is another word for what is tantamount to the same thing. |
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18 mins confidence:
(cloistered) contemplative vs active Explanation: It seems that there is a distinction between nuns/monks who devote their time to prayer and those who also serve the community in different ways. En general los términos monja y religiosa se pueden intercambiar, pero en algunos casos se hace la siguiente diferenciación: una hermana monja se refiere a una mujer quien posee una vida contemplativa de oración (generalmente viven en monasterios), mientras que una hermana religiosa, es una mujer que vive una vocación de oración y servicio, generalmente hacia los necesitados, enfermos y pobres (generalmente viven en conventos).Así, hay monjas que participan en la sociedad, desde esfuerzos altruistas, hasta la dirección de organizaciones sociales y caritativas o administración de universidades, aunque para este tipo de monjas de vida activa es más correcto utilizar la palabra religiosa, ya que la palabra monja es más propia de las hermanas contemplativas. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monja Active religious sisters and brothers divide their time between private prayer, communal worship, and service work. Each active religious community has a particular mission for which it was founded, ranging from educating children to caring for the sick to missionary work. Contemplative religious sisters and brothers devote themselves entirely to private prayer and the celebration of the Mass. http://www.vault.com/industries-professions/professions/a/ac... |
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30 mins confidence: peer agreement (net): +7
peer agreement (net): +7nuns / (monks) vs (consecrated) religious / members of religious institutes Explanation: These are not mutually exclusive terms; on the contrary, all monjas and monjes are religiosos, but not all religiosos are monjas or monjes. "Religioso" as a noun is a member of a religious institute (the former distinction between religious orders and religious congregations is no longer applied by the Church), which means people who have taken vows to live what is called a consecrated life: "religioso, sa 3. adj. Integrante de una orden o congregación religiosa." http://dle.rae.es/?id=VqNckNi In English, such people are called "religious", strictly "consecrated religious": "religious noun A person bound by monastic vows." https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/religious "religious noun 6. Christianity a member of an order or congregation living by such a rule; a monk, friar, or nun" https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/religio... "A religious (using the word as a noun) is, in the terminology of many Western Christian denominations, such as the Catholic Church, Lutheran Churches, and Anglican Communion, what in common language one would call a "monk" or "nun", as opposed to an ordained "priest". [...] More precisely, a religious is a member of a religious order or religious institute, someone who belongs to "a society in which members...pronounce public vows...and lead a life of brothers or sisters in common"." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_(Western_Christianit... Depending on the context it may be more suitable to refer to "a member of a religious institute" (or religious order, a more familiar term). In common parlance, "religiosos" of any kind are often referred to as monks/nuns, but this is not strictly correct. Monks and nuns are those who live in enclosed communities (de clausura), but not all religious are like that: some (notably members of mendicant orders) live out in the world. These members of non-enclosed orders are sometimes called "friars" and "sisters" respectively. Friars/sisters do not live in convents/monasteries, but they are still "religiosos" / religious. So strictly speaking, "monk" or "nun" means "monje/monja de clausura", and you don't need to specify "enclosed", though it can be added if there is a risk of confusion or ambiguity. Wikipedia is perfectly sound and helpful on this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_institute https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enclosed_religious_orders https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendicant_orders See also: https://forums.catholic.com/t/are-monks-nuns-laypeople/76891 Note that the term "religioso" does not mean priests; most of them are laity, though it is possible for someone who has been ordained to be a religious as well. And "religiosos" doesn't just mean non-enclosed monks and nuns: those who live the strictest solitary enclosed lives are also "religious". -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 58 mins (2019-01-02 10:55:08 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- I've explained these terms in their strict sense, but from a practical point of view the way you translate "religiosos" may vary according to the context. There's no problem about monjes/monjas: it's simply monks/nuns, and as I say, you will not usually need to add anything, since they are by definition "de clausura", strictly speaking. The only proviso here may be that in texts aimed at non-specialist readers who don't realise that this is so, it may be wise to say "enclosed monks/nuns" or "monks/nuns living in enclosed communities" in certain contexts, to make the distinction clear. "Religiosos" is more problematic in practice, since to most people the use of "religious" as a noun is unfamiliar and may be confusing. Although non-enclosed female religious are strictly religious sisters rather than nuns, they are very commonly called nuns, so for practical purposes "religiosos" means monks, friars and nuns. -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 2 hrs (2019-01-02 12:26:55 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- Just one more thought to bear in mind. If the word "religiosos" is being used correctly in your text, the number of religiosos in the country should of course be greater than the number of monjas + monjes, since the latter are a subset of the former. If this is not the case — if the number of religiosos is smaller than the number of monjes and monjas put together — then it may be that the word "religiosos" is being misused to mean "non-enclosed religious". I very much doubt this, but I mention it just in case. |
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